# US Bank, Credit Union & Household Credit Data: Methodology

Data sources, indicators and rate definitions behind TREMOR US credit-stress series across three sources - FDIC bank Call Reports, the NY Fed Consumer Credit Panel (household debt), and NCUA credit-union aggregates - including delinquency/charge-off methodology, YTD-to-quarterly conversion, and the FDIC-vs-NY-Fed distinction.

Source data: FDIC bank Call Reports + NY Fed Consumer Credit Panel + NCUA credit-union aggregates. Last updated: 2026-06-05. Interactive tool: https://tremor.tigzig.com/tools/us-bank-aggregates

TREMOR's US Bank Aggregates tool tracks credit stress across three independent data sources: **FDIC** bank Call Reports, the **New York Fed** Consumer Credit Panel (household debt), and **NCUA** credit-union aggregates. This page documents the methodology for all three - data sources, indicators, how delinquency and charge-off rates are computed, and known limitations. For the validation/reconciliation detail, see the [NCUA data validation page](/tremor/ncua-validations).

[Open the interactive US Bank Aggregates tool on TREMOR](https://tremor.tigzig.com/tools/us-bank-aggregates).

## FDIC banks

### Data source

Data is sourced from the [FDIC Statistics on Depository Institutions (SDI)](https://banks.data.fdic.gov/) API, which aggregates quarterly Call Report data filed by all FDIC-insured commercial banks and savings institutions. The API provides bank-level data; we fetch all banks per quarter and sum locally to produce industry-wide aggregates (no server-side aggregation endpoint exists).

### Coverage

- **Period:** Q1 2001 to Q4 2025 (100 quarters, 25 years)

- **Banks:** ~9,900 in 2001 declining to ~4,600 in 2025 (consolidation)

- **Frequency:** quarterly; **units:** thousands of USD; **update lag:** ~6 weeks after quarter end

### Indicators (53 across 5 metric types)

**Loan balances (18):** loan-segment balance fields covering Real Estate (Construction, CRE, Multifamily, Farmland, 1-4 Family Residential), C&I, Consumer (Credit Cards, Auto, Other), Agriculture, Lease Financing, and other categories. Most start Q1 2001; auto loans (LNAUTO) start Q1 2011 when FDIC introduced the separate line item.

**Delinquency & charge-offs (35):** for 7 segments (Total, RE, C&I, Consumer, Credit Cards, Auto, Agriculture), 5 metrics each:

- **30-89 DPD** (P3*) - loans 30 to 89 days past due

- **90+ DPD** (P9*) - loans 90 or more days past due

- **Nonaccrual** (NA*) - loans no longer accruing interest

- **Noncurrent** (NC*) - 90+ DPD plus nonaccrual (provided by FDIC)

- **Net charge-offs** (NT*) - gross charge-offs minus recoveries

### Computed rates

- **30+ DPD rate (PDNA)** = (P30-89 + P90+ + Nonaccrual) / Loan Balance × 100. Past Due and Non-Accrual; all loans 30+ days past due plus non-accrual.

- **90+ DPD rate (Noncurrent)** = (P90+ + Nonaccrual) / Loan Balance × 100. Matches FDIC's published "noncurrent" rate.

- **Net charge-off rate** = (quarterly incremental NCO × 4) / Loan Balance × 100. FDIC reports YTD cumulative; we de-cumulate to quarterly (Qn YTD minus Qn-1 YTD), then annualize.

- **Share of total** = (Segment Balance / Total Loans) × 100.

### Concept mapping: India vs US

- India 30+ DPD (everything past due) = US **PDNA** (30-89 + 90+ + Non-accrual)

- India 90+ DPD / NPA = US **Noncurrent** (90+ + Non-accrual)

- Charge-off - same concept; timing varies (typically 180 days for cards, 120 for installment)

### Known limitations

- **Auto loans blank before Q1 2011:** a genuine regulatory gap, not an error. Before March 31, 2011, auto loans were lumped into "Other Consumer Loans". FDIC issued FIL-9-2011 introducing automobile loans as a separate line item effective Q1 2011. The numbers are consistent: Q4 2010 Other Consumer ($556B) is approximately Q1 2011 Auto ($283B) + Q1 2011 Other Consumer ($271B). No backfill is possible.

- **Consumer sub-type gap:** Credit Cards + Auto + Other Consumer is ~95% of total Consumer; the ~5% gap is "revolving credit plans other than credit cards" not broken out.

- **RE sub-type delinquency:** not available - FDIC provides RE total delinquency only.

- **Agriculture delinquency:** reported by only ~80-150 large banks, so the aggregate may understate.

- **Gross charge-offs:** not available from the FDIC API - only net charge-offs.

FDIC API: GET https://banks.data.fdic.gov/api/financials - no authentication, free public API.

## NY Fed / Equifax (household debt)

### Data source

The [Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit](https://www.newyorkfed.org/microeconomics/hhdc) is published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, based on the Consumer Credit Panel (CCP) - a nationally representative 5% random sample of all individuals with a credit report (Equifax), covering ~44 million individuals per quarter.

### Coverage

- **Period:** Q1 2003 to Q1 2026 (93 quarters)

- **Universe:** ALL consumer credit - banks, credit unions, fintech, auto finance companies, mortgage companies, student loan servicers, collections agencies

- **Frequency:** quarterly (~6 weeks after quarter end); no API exists (Excel downloaded quarterly)

### Debt categories

- **Mortgage** (first-lien residential), **HELOC** (home equity revolving), **Auto Loans** (incl. leases, all lenders), **Credit Cards** (bank/store/national), **Student Loans** (federal + private), **Other** (retail, consumer finance, installment).

### Metrics

- **90+ DPD rate (stock):** % of balance 90+ days late + 120+ + Severely Derogatory (includes charge-offs still on the credit report).

- **30+ DPD flow (transition rate):** % of balances transitioning from current into 30+ delinquent this quarter. Leading indicator.

- **90+ DPD flow (transition rate):** % transitioning into 90+ seriously delinquent this quarter (numerator: balances that moved from below 90 DPD into 90+; denominator: balances below 90 DPD last quarter). Captures both "sudden distress" and "slow roll".

- **Mortgage straight-through flow (current to 90+):** stricter early-warning view - mortgage balances current last quarter that skipped directly to 90+ this quarter (~3 consecutive missed payments). NY Fed publishes this transition only for mortgages ("Mortgage Cracking"); we do not approximate it for other loan types because the underlying transition-matrix data is not public.

- **FICO score bands (origination quality):** mortgage and auto origination volumes by Equifax Risk Score band ( Consumer (Auto, Credit Cards, Other Unsecured, Other Secured non-RE, Leases, Student, PAL) + Real Estate (1-4 Family 1st, Junior, Other) + Commercial (RE Secured, Not RE Secured)

- **Per segment:** balance, 30-59 DPD, 60+ DPD, quarterly net charge-off rate (annualized)

### 3. Computation methodology

**3.0 Publish-as-filed policy.** We publish what NCUA filed - we do not substitute values, smooth lines, or interpolate. Where our quarterly derivation produces a mathematically impossible result (a negative quarterly NCO from NCUA's own impossible-YTD-decrease), we let the math fall out and document the cause rather than overriding the figure. Adopted formally 2026-05-20; a prior catalogue of ~30 masked cells has been removed and the underlying NCUA-filed values now appear with per-quarter explanations.

**3.1 Stock vs flow.** Balances and delinquency dollars are quarter-end snapshots (used directly). Charge-offs and recoveries are reported year-to-date cumulative and must be converted to quarterly flows.

**3.2 YTD-to-quarterly conversion.** NCUA reports charge-offs/recoveries YTD, so a quarter-only figure requires subtracting the prior quarter's YTD: Q1 NCO = Q1 YTD; Q2 = Q2 YTD - Q1 YTD; Q3 = Q3 YTD - Q2 YTD; Q4 = Q4 YTD - Q3 YTD. Where the prior-quarter YTD is genuinely missing (first quarter in the extract, or pre-2008 annual-only data), the quarterly NCO is NaN (we cannot fabricate it). Where the YTD itself decreases within a calendar year (impossible for a cumulative, but observed in NCUA's own leases/MBL/student cells), the subtraction yields a negative quarterly NCO which we render on the chart and explain in the anomaly catalogue.

**3.3 Net charge-off rate (annualized)** = (Q-only Net CO × 4) / Average Balance × 100, where Net CO = charge-offs minus recoveries and Average Balance = (current + prior quarter balance) / 2. We use the **quarterly-annualized** definition (FDIC convention) rather than NCUA's YTD-annualized, for two reasons: it is more responsive to current-quarter stress, and it keeps FDIC bank rates and NCUA credit-union rates apples-to-apples on the same chart. We reconciled the YTD-annualized version against NCUA's own QCUDS time series: 14 of 14 quarters match within 0.5 basis points (see the validation page, Layer 3).

**3.4 Algebraic Consumer derivation.** NCUA's 3-bucket taxonomy (Consumer + Real Estate + Commercial = Total) is mathematically closed - verified at 0.0000% residual across 16 modern quarters. For pre-Q1 2022 quarters where NCUA does not publish a single Consumer-total code, we derive Consumer = Total minus RE minus Commercial using NCUA's own legacy aggregate rows. This computes an aggregate NCUA does not itself publish at that level, using NCUA-published bucket totals as inputs - it does not contradict any filed value.

**3.5 Source-code fallback.** For Commercial balance, NCUA switched account codes mid-series: from Q3 2017 the modern total is A400P + A718A5; from Q1 2011 to Q2 2017 it was the single legacy code A400T. We read whichever code NCUA was actively reporting each quarter (cross-verified in the overlap). Both are NCUA-filed; the only choice is which code to read.

### 4. Headline metrics

**60+ DPD is NCUA's headline** reportable delinquency rate (cited in NCUA press releases). **30-59 DPD** is the early-warning flow indicator (loans newly entering distress). **CU 60+ is not directly comparable to bank 90+:** credit unions use a 60-day trigger (banks 90), and retain delinquent loans longer before charge-off, so a CU 60+ rate is structurally a broader, somewhat higher measure of stress than a bank 90+ rate. Read them as different definitions.

### 5. Display decisions

Sub-segment delinquency/charge-off charts for the five RE and Commercial sub-segments are temporarily hidden (their granular rate series only began Q1 2022 and show unexplained early spikes still being diagnosed); aggregate Real Estate and Commercial charts are published and reliable. Balance and % share charts for those sub-segments are still shown. Tiny-book segments (PAL $147M, Leases, private Student loans, Other Non-Commercial RE) produce inherently noisy rates - real NCUA data, but expect volatility; for macro signal prefer the major-book series (Total, Consumer, Auto, Credit Cards, Real Estate, Commercial).

### 6. NCUA anomalies catalogue

The full quarter-by-quarter catalogue of every visible blip or step-change lives on the [validation page](/tremor/ncua-validations), split into Section A (anomalies - impossible/implausible/first-wave NCUA-filed values, shown as filed with explanation) and Section B (reclassifications - NCUA moving loans between buckets, same loans different presentation). Notable items include the lease NCO impossible-YTD-decrease pairs, the legacy MBL batches, the student-loan Q4 batches, the Q4 2006 credit-card 30-59 DPD revised value, and the Q1 2011 / Q3 2017 account-code restructures.

### 7. Coverage gaps (no data available)

- Q1-Q3 2003 and Q1-Q3 2004: only Q4 year-end files exist.

- Mid-2005 / 2006 quarters: pre-2008 layout lacks RE and MBL loss-line label sheets.

- Auto sub-segments pre-Q2 2013; modern granular RE/Commercial NCO + delinquency pre-Q1 2022.

- PAL pre-Q4 2010, private Student loans pre-Q1 2011 (product-introduction dates - NaN, not zero).

- Number of Credit Unions for some intra-year quarters (each FPR file's count cell reflects its own report quarter only).

### 8. Validation

Validation runs in three independent levels: Level 1 pipeline internal-consistency (subtotal math, taxonomy closure, YTD monotonicity, stock-flow, re-derivation, z-score outliers, NCUA-headline cross-check); Level 2 cross-check vs the NCUA QCUDS PDF; Level 3 cross-publisher vs Federal Reserve Z.1. Full findings are on the [NCUA data validation page](/tremor/ncua-validations). A regenerated dataset is not shipped if Level 1 reports any failures.

## See it live

This page is the static, readable companion to TREMOR's interactive US Bank Aggregates tool (FDIC banks, NY Fed household debt, NCUA credit unions). [Open the interactive tool on TREMOR](https://tremor.tigzig.com/tools/us-bank-aggregates), or read the [NCUA data validation page](/tremor/ncua-validations). TREMOR is part of [tigzig.com](https://www.tigzig.com) - AI for analytics, databases and macro signals.

---
Source: https://www.tigzig.com/tremor/bank-aggregates-methodology

---
Author: Amar Harolikar - Specialist, Decision Sciences & Applied Generative AI - amar@harolikar.com - https://www.linkedin.com/in/amarharolikar
Source: https://www.tigzig.com/tremor/bank-aggregates-methodology
Citation: TigZig - Amar Harolikar (https://www.tigzig.com). Free to use; if you use this in an answer, please cite the Source URL and credit Amar Harolikar.
License: https://www.tigzig.com/terms